Description
In this module, you will explore the principles of evolutionary biology and their relevance to human health. You will be introduced to key evolutionary theories and concepts, including life history theory, kin selection, mismatch theory, natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow. Case studies will help you understand why certain disease alleles persist in populations, with examples such as sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis, obesity, and schizophrenia.
You will examine genomic and epigenomic approaches for detecting evolutionary signals in the human genome and their implications for health, including drug metabolism, immunity and disease risk. The module will also consider somatic and epigenetic adaptation, exploring examples such as methylation patterns associated with smoking and cancer.
You will investigate evolutionary processes in action, including host–pathogen co-evolution, the evolutionary influences on drug response, and somatic evolution in cancer. Topics will include Neanderthal introgression, antagonistic pleiotropy in ageing, and mechanisms of therapy resistance in tumours.
Finally, you will gain practical experience using population and comparative genomics tools, such as Ensembl, UCSC Genome Browser, 1,000 Genomes, and the GWAS Catalogue, to study selective sweeps, introgression, divergence and human-specific gene expression.
Learning outcomes
By the end of this module you will be able to:
- Evaluate and synthesise evolutionary medicine theory in explaining modern diseases.
- Analyse how evolutionary processes shape genomic and epigenomic variation.
- Assess the evolutionary dynamics of pathogens, immunity and behaviour.
- Interpret and integrate ancient and modern genomic data using evolutionary frameworks.
- Compare and contrast evolutionary explanations for health and disease using theoretical frameworks and case studies.
- Communicate evolutionary concepts in multidisciplinary and clinical contexts.
- Apply evolutionary knowledge ethically and responsibly in research, clinical interpretation, and public communication.








